愛薇塔樂學英文

【TOEFL托福閱讀】陷阱定位有哪些

在新託福考試中，很多考生最容易忽略的就是閱讀。因為絕大部分人會感覺閱讀是自己的強項，對於強項無需過多的重視。然而這種認知不一定準確。通過很多案例發現不少這樣的學員，自認新託福閱讀考試還不錯的，實際考出來的分數只有22分左右，甚至會更低。
 

ETS對閱讀高水準(High level)的評定標準是22—30分。而事實上，閱讀如果達不到25分以上，總分想要過百會比較困難，因為這相當於把掙分的壓力轉移到了大部分人比較弱的聽力、口語、寫作上面。由此可見，閱讀取得高分對於獲得百分以上的託福成績是一種保證!

那麼為什麼很多自認為閱讀不錯的考生不一定能在這一部分熠熠生輝呢? 這是因為新託福閱讀考試存在一些“絆馬索”。

新託福閱讀考試中的陷阱一：細節題考查精確定位。

託福閱讀中的細節題其實不難，但前提是定位的點要對，比如下面這個例題：

Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

這是一個典型的細節題，在該題題幹中，有的考生會選擇Puget Sound作為關鍵字回原文定位，因為它是專有名詞，在文中會比較顯眼。但是如果一旦選擇了這個地名，勢必會定位在該段的第一句話，託福細節題往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，這樣的話考生是選不出正確答案的，因為定位不精確。其實正確的關鍵字應該是white-tailed deer，這個用連字號連接的詞在文章中也是比較醒目的，按該詞定位應是該段最後一句話。所以根據它的意思應該選D項。其中A項與原句意思不符，B和C都與定位句資訊無關。我們再來看另外一個否定事實細節題的例子：

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?

A. They occur at the end of a succession.

B. They last longer than any other type of community.

C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

這個題大家都會選擇用climax communities去定位，但在定位過程中會出現很多問題。首先考生要學會跳躍式定位，即根據文章中特殊的標點符號以及最醒目的詞來搜索我們真正需要的關鍵字。文中的particular是加了陰影的，succession是在引號裡面的，都非常醒目，通過看這兩個詞我們會發現它們附近沒有我們需要的東西;再比較突出的就是數字及破折號，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是單數，與題幹關鍵字不完全匹配，細節題講究的是精確定位，所以我們應該選擇500斜下方的Climax communities，即該段的最後一句話。

      
否定事實細節題的出題思路有兩種：一是無中生有，即根據定位點的內容，四個選項只有一個沒有提到，這種思路多適用於選項比較簡短的題目;二是張冠李戴，即根據定位點的內容表述，只有一個選項與之矛盾，這種思路多適應於選項比較長的題目。就這個例題而言，根據定位的最後一句話，從表述上來說跟它相關的只有C和D兩個選項，D項的意思與原句相符，而C項與原句矛盾，所以正確答案是C。綜上所述，做新託福閱讀的細節題，最重要的一點就是要儘量地去精確定位。