愛薇塔樂學英文

最偉大的勞工組織者，他為工會的繁榮時期打下了基礎。The country’s greatest labor organizer, he made the

最偉大的勞工組織者，他為工會的繁榮時期打下了基礎。
The country’s greatest labor organizer, he made the golden age of unions possible.

Samuel Gompers(January 27, 1850-December 13, 1924) was an American labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor (AF of L), and served as that organization's president from 1886 to 1894 and from 1895 until his death in 1924. He promoted harmony among the different craft unions that comprised the AF of L, trying to minimize jurisdictional battles. He promoted "thorough" organization and collective bargaining to secure shorter hours and higher wages, the first essential steps, he believed, to emancipating labor. He also encouraged the AF of L to take political action to "elect their friends" and "defeat their enemies." During World War I, Gompers and the AF of L worked with the government to avoid strikes and boost morale, while raising wage rates and expanding membership.
 

Cigarmakers' International Union career
Gompers was elected president of Cigarmakers' International Union Local 144 in 1875.

As was the case with other unions of the day, the Cigarmaker's Union nearly collapsed in the financial crisis of 1877, in which unemployment skyrocketed and ready availability of desperate workers willing to labor for subsistence wages put pressure upon the gains in wages and shortening of hours achieved in union shops. Gompers and his friend Adolph Strasser used Local 144 as a base to rebuild the Cigarmakers' Union, introducing a high dues structure and implementing programs to pay out-of-work benefits, sick benefits, and death benefits for union members in good standing.

Gompers told the workers they needed to organize because wage reductions were almost a daily occurrence. The capitalists were only interested in profits, "and the time has come when we must assert our rights as workingmen. Every one present has the sad experience, that we are powerless in an isolated condition, while the capitalists are united; therefore it is the duty of every Cigar Maker to join the organization. ... One of the main objects of the organization," he concluded, "is the elevation of the lowest paid worker to the standard of the highest, and in time we may secure for every person in the trade an existence worthy of human beings."

He was elected second vice-president of the Cigarmakers' International Union in 1886, and first vice-president in 1896. Despite the commitment of time and energy entailed by his place as head of the American Federation of Labor, Gompers remained first vice-president of the Cigarmakers until his death in December 1924.

撒母耳?龔帕斯(Samuel Gompers)（1850-1924年），美國工會領袖，美國勞聯第一任主席。1886-94年和1896-1924年，擔任美國勞工聯合會主席（AFL，簡稱勞聯）。

龔帕斯出生於倫敦。10歲時，成為學徒工。1863年，隨父母移居紐約市。後來，他成為雪茄煙廠的熟練工並積極參與雪茄煙工人的工會工作。1877年，他被選為當地工會的主席。1881年，他參與創建了行業工會與勞工組織聯合會。1886年，該組織重組為美國勞工聯合會，龔帕斯出任主席。在他的領導下，勞聯的規模和聲勢急速壯大。

第一次世界大戰期間，他加入國防委員會(Council of National Defense)。第一次世界大戰後，他作為美國代表之一參與了1919年凡爾賽和會。他著有自傳《七十年的生活與勞動》(Seventy Years of Life and Labor)（兩卷本，1925年出版）。