“This administration will not tolerate actions by any nation that seeks to illegally sabotage American companies and undermine the integrity of fair competition in the operation of the free market,” Holder told reporters.

“The indictment makes clear that state actors who engage in economic espionage, even over the Internet from faraway offices in Shanghai, will be exposed for their criminal conduct and sought for apprehension and prosecution in an American court of law,” he said.

The charges, which US officials said came after several years of investigation, were filed against Wang Dong, Sun Kailiang, Wen Xinyu, Huang Zhenyu and Gu Chunhui.

Nuclear Power, Metals, Solar Industries

According to the indictment, hackers targeted the U.S. nuclear power, metals and solar products industries and are accused of stealing trade secrets and economic espionage. The alleged victims are Alcoa World Alumina, Westinghouse Electric Co., Allegheny Technologies, U.S. Steel Corp., United Steelworkers Union, and SolarWorld, Holder said Monday.

The charges have been described as unprecedented and dramatize a long-time Obama administration goal to prosecute state-sponsored cyber threats.

“This is the new normal,” said Bob Anderson, Jr., executive assistant director of the FBI's criminal, cyber, response and services branch. “This is what you're going to see on a recurring basis.”

U.S. officials have accused China's army and China-based hackers of launching attacks on American industrial and military targets, often to steal secrets or intellectual property. China has said that it faces a major threat from hackers, and the country's military is believed to be among the biggest targets of the NSA and U.S. Cyber Command.

“It is our hope that the Chinese government will respect our criminal justice system,” Holder said.

The indictment will put a greater strain on the U.S.-China relationship.

In recent months, Washington has been increasingly critical of what it describes as provocative Chinese actions in pursuit of territorial claims in disputed seas in East Asia. For its part, Beijing complains that the Obama administration's attempt to redirect its foreign policy toward Asia after a decade of war in the Middle East is emboldening China's neighbors and causing tension.

Last September, U.S. President Barack Obama discussed cybersecurity issues on the sidelines of a summit in St. Petersburg, Russia, with Chinese President Xi Jinping.

White House spokesman Ben Rhodes said at the time that Obama had addressed concerns about cyber threats emanating from China. He said Obama told Xi the U.S. sees it not through the prism of security but out of concern over theft of trade secrets.

In late March, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel revealed that the Pentagon planned to more than triple its cybersecurity staff in the next few years to defend against Internet attacks that threaten national security.

華盛頓 - 美國當地時間週一起訴中國軍方的五名成員通過黑客攻擊，以幫助國有企業竊取美國機密的指控，美國司法部說。

一個大陪審團提出指控五人在解放軍的朦朧單位61398涉嫌竊取鋼鐵行業機密受益中國國有企業。

刑事指控稱，黑客闖入美國的電腦，以獲得競爭優勢，從而損害如西屋公司和美國鋼鐵公司以及工人的公司。

司法部長埃里克霍爾德說，這些指控是他們首創的針對國家行為者，應作為“敲響了警鐘。”

“本屆政府將不會容忍任何旨在破壞​​非法的美國公司，破壞自由市場的運作公平競爭的誠信國家行動，”持有人對記者說。

“起訴書清楚地表明誰搞經濟間諜活動，甚至在從遙遠的上海辦事處的互聯網國家行為者，將暴露他們的犯罪行為，並尋求逮捕和起訴在法律的美國法院，”他說。

這些指控，美國官員說，經過數年的調查來了，提起了王棟，孫Kailiang，文新宇，黃振宇和谷春暉。

核電，冶金，太陽能產業

根據起訴書，黑客瞄準了美國核電，金屬及太陽能產品等行業，並指責竊取商業秘密和經濟間諜活動。被指控的受害者是美鋁世界氧化鋁，西屋電氣公司，阿勒格尼技術，美國鋼鐵公司，美國鋼鐵工人聯合會和太陽能世界，持有人週一表示。

這些指控都被形容為史無前例的，戲劇化的長期奧巴馬政府的目標起訴國家支持的網絡威脅。

“這是新的常態，”鮑勃·安德森，小，聯邦調查局的犯罪，網絡，響應和服務分公司執行副主任說。“這是你將成為怎樣在一個經常性的基礎看。”

美國官員指責中國的軍隊和發動對美國的工業和軍事目標的攻擊來自中國的黑客，往往竊取機密或知識產權。中國已經表示，它面臨著來自黑客的主要威脅，該國軍方被認為是中國家安全局和美國網絡司令部的最大目標。

“我們希望中國政府能尊重我們的刑事司法系統，”霍爾德說。

起訴書將投入更大的壓力美中國的關係。

近幾個月來，華盛頓一直是越來越關鍵的它描述為追求東亞地區有爭議的海域的領土要求的挑釁中國的行為。就其本身而言，北京抱怨說，奧巴馬政府試圖十年的中東戰爭後，重定向其對亞洲的外交政策是加粗中國的鄰國，造成緊張局勢。

去年九月，美國總統奧巴馬討論了在俄羅斯聖彼得堡，一個與中國國家主席習近平場邊網絡安全問題。

白宮發言人本·羅茲說，當時奧巴馬討論了有關網絡威脅源自中國的擔憂。他說，奧巴馬告訴夕美國認為它不是通過安全的棱鏡而是關注在竊取商業機密的。

在三月底，國防部長哈格爾透露，五角大樓計劃在3倍以上的網絡安全工作人員在未來幾年內對威脅國家安全的網絡攻擊。