愛薇塔樂學英文

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　　2）指代關係題（Reference）：考查讀者認定代詞與篇章中其他詞語的指代關係的能力。

　　例題1：

　　Passage： “…These laws are universal in their application， regardless of cultural beliefs， geography， or climate. If pots have no bottoms or have large openings in their sides， they could hardly be considered containers in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics， not some arbitrary decision， have determined the general form of applied-art objects， they follow basic patterns， so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits…”

　　The word they in the passage refers to

　　A.applied-art objects

　　B.the laws of physics

　　C.containers

　　D.the sides of pots

　　正確答案是A.

　　例題2：

　　Passage：“…The first weekly newspaper in the colonies was the Boston Gazette，

　　established in 1719， the same year that marked the appearance of Philadelphia‘s first newspaper， the American Mercury， where the young Benjamin Franklin worked. By 1760 Boston had 4 newspapers and 5 other printing establishments； Philadelphia， 2 newspapers and 3 other presses； and New York， 3 newspapers. The distribution， if not the sale， of newspapers was assisted by the establishment of a postal service in 1710， which had a network of some 65 offices by 1770， serving all 13 colonies…“

　　The word which in the passage refers to

　　A.distribution

　　B.sale

　　C.newspaper

　　D.postal service

　　正確答案是D.

　　3）句子簡化題（Sentence Simplification）：考查讀者認定文章中某一特定複雜句子所傳

　　達的基本內容，並不受細枝末節的干擾，用簡化的句子表達原句基本內容的能力。

　　例題

　　。 . . Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay， glass， wood， fiber， and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function， which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” Approaching crafts from the point of view of function， we can divide them into simple categories： containers， shelters， and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers， shelters， and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics， which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained， supported， and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application， regardless of cultural beliefs， geography， or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides， it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics， not some arbitrary decision， have determined the general form of applied-art objects， they follow basic patterns， so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs， for example， are unusual because they depart from the norm. However， not all functional objects are exactly alike； that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object‘s primary function . . .

　　The tested sentence is highlighted in the passage.

　　Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence？ Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　A.Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.

　　B.The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.

　　C.Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits， arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.

　　D.The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.

　　正確答案是A

　　4）插話題（Insert Text）：考查讀者將特定的一句話插入文章順序相連的四個句子之間的

　　能力。這個題型是國內考試常見的Cloze Test在語篇層次上的進一步發展，可謂技高一籌。要完成任務，讀者必須深入理解各個句子間的詞彙、語法和邏輯聯繫。這是新題型，有相當難度，考生應特別重視。

　　例題：

　　Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　All three of them have strengths and weaknesses， but none adequately answers all of the questions the paintings present.

　　Where would the sentence best fit？

　　Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.

　　Example of how boxes would appear in the passage text：

　　Scholars offer three related but different opinions about this puzzle. ■ One opinion is that the paintings were a record of the seasonal migrations made by herds. ■ Because some paintings were made directly over others， obliterating them， it is probably that a painting‘s value ended with the migration it pictured. ■ Unfortunately， this explanation fails to explain the hidden locations， unless the migrations were celebrated with secret ceremonies. ■

　　正確答案是：最後一個方塊處。

　　5）事實資訊題（Factual Information）：考查讀者抓住文章中闡明的資訊，並排除干擾

　　回答問題的能力。讀者的任務是在給出的選項中，選出一個與文章中某相應句子建

　　立對應關係。此題型雖然有難度，數量也較大，但屬於老題型。

　　例題：

　　Passage：…Sculptures must， for example， be stable， which requires an understanding of the properties of mass， weight distribution， and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut， and the paint must not crack， deteriorate， or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example， in the early Italian Renaissance， bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words， the demand of the laws of physics， not the sculptor‘s aesthetic intentions， placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces （iron being much stronger than bronze）…

　　According to paragraph 2， sculptors in the Italian Renaissance stopped using cannonballs in bronze statues of horses because

　　A.they began using a material that made the statues weigh less

　　B.they found a way to strengthen the statues internally

　　C.the aesthetic tastes of the public had changed over time

　　D.the cannonballs added too much weight to the statues

　　正確答案是B.