實例講解TOEFL托福閱讀句子插入題解題思路
句子插入題 Insert Text questions
█ Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. █ Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. █ In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. █ He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were
being depicted in them.
12. Look at the four squares █ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.
解題思路：
Insert Text question。該題型要求考生將一句話插入到原文四個黑色空格的其中一個當中，使得段落看起來更通順。首先可以從這個單獨的句子中找到暗示點，例如，本題待插入句子為：This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods. 主語部分為：這個對於感情的認知的普遍性。如果待插入句子中出現代詞，則代詞所指內容應當在該句之前出現，結合這道題目，在這個句子應當插入的空之前必有：對於感情認知的普遍性。這道題目選擇第三個黑色方框，其之前的句子為：
Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. 意思是：另外，來自不同文化背景的人能夠通過面部表情的識別來判斷對方的情緒。來自不同文化背景的人都可以判斷出來，這裡暗示了universality 普遍性。同時，放在第三個空也可以對應後面的內容。待插入句子說到“demonstrated by using rather simple methods”：可以用簡單的方式證明，對應第三個空後方的句子：In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs(在經典的研究專案當中)。
再來看一道題目，
Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. ■ Yet children, also fearing their parents’ punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. ■ The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines." ■ By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions. ■ Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.
11. Look at the four squares [ ■ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
According to Freud, however, impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.
首先我們來看待插入句子：According to Freud, however, impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression. 本句的前半句說道，According to Freud,(根據佛洛德的理論); 後半句：impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression. 被壓抑的衝動會持續存在並且需要表達。這個句子是一句概括性的陳述，一般概括性陳述的後方需要有具體的細節句子來提供支援解釋。所以這道題目選擇第二個空。第二空格之後緊跟：The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines."(從某種意義上講，佛洛德的觀點是將人類看做“蒸汽機”)。這裡既可以對應Freud，又有具體的細節交代，說持續存在的衝動，就好比蒸汽機，這裡的steam engines是解釋他觀點的具體細節。
再來看一道題目，
■ Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. ■ Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. ■ In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. ■ They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.
Look at the four squares [ ■ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.
解題思路：此題的帶插入句子當中並沒有代詞，這時我們可以根據關聯詞來解答題目。帶插入句子當中的Consequently(結果是...)可以給我們暗示。帶插入句子的含義為：結果是，tunas(金槍魚)不需要吸水。那麼該句子的前方應該在陳述關於導致金槍魚不需要吸水的內容。此題正確答案選C。在第三個空格之前的這句話：...they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. (金槍魚失去了像其他魚類的嘴裡所擁有的一塊肌肉，這塊肌肉用於吸水和從腮裡排水。)既然已經失去了這塊用來吸水的肌肉，那麼自然緊接著陳述，其結果，即金槍魚不再需要吸水。
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