愛薇塔樂學英文

實例講解TOEFL托福閱讀否定資訊題解題技巧

　　Negative Factual Information questions (0 to 2 questions per set )

　　首先我們來介紹一下否定資訊題，Negative Factual Information questions。這種題型的提問方式一般為：

　　According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true of X?

　　The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT ?

　　在解答這種題目的時候首先要注意的是避免慣性思維的影響。在前面講過的所有題目當中，或者是平時大家的做題習慣當中，我們都是看到與原文相符或者和原文一樣的選項就選，但是到了這個題目，需要選擇不屬於題幹內容或者與原文相反的選項，這是需要注意的一點。

　　一般這種題目的定位範圍都在原文的某一個或者兩個自然段，所以第一步需要的就是根據題目大定位到某個自然段，然後根據選項特徵對應原文進行選題。我們來看一個例題：

　　Paragraph 7: The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.

　　Paragraph 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings, inturn, can lead to aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

　　9. According to the cognitive approach described in paragraphs 7 and 8, all of the following may influence the decision whether to act aggressively EXCEPT a person’s

　　○ Moral values

　　○ Previous experiences with aggression

　　○ Instinct to avoid aggression

　　○ Beliefs about other people’s intentions

　　這道題目的定位範圍是兩個自然段，四個選項中有三個會the decision whether to act aggressively，有一個選項不會“影響一個人決定是否要表現的具有侵略性”，我們要選擇這個選項。首先，在第七自然段的第二句“Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice.”中就提到moral values，對應A 選項。其次，在第八自然段中，第四句“People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people’s motives.” 中提到兩個選項，一個是“their experiences with aggression”對應B 選項，另外一個是“interpretation of other people’s motives”對應D選項。只有C 選項的instinct 沒有提到，這道題目選擇C 選項。