P. Chidambaram奇丹巴拉姆-2013 TIME TOP 100
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| P. Chidambaram | |
|---|---|
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| Minister of Finance | |
| In office 31 July 2012 – 17 May 2014 |
|
| Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
| Preceded by | Manmohan Singh |
| Succeeded by | Arun Jaitley |
| In office 22 May 2004 – 30 November 2008 |
|
| Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
| Preceded by | Jaswant Singh |
| Succeeded by | Manmohan Singh |
| In office 1 June 1996 – 21 April 1997 |
|
| Prime Minister | H. D. Deve Gowda |
| Preceded by | Jaswant Singh |
| Succeeded by | I. K. Gujral |
| Minister of Home Affairs | |
| In office 30 November 2008 – 31 July 2012 |
|
| Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh |
| Preceded by | Shivraj Patil |
| Succeeded by | Sushilkumar Shinde |
| Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions | |
| In office 26 December 1985 – 2 December 1989 |
|
| Prime Minister | Rajiv Gandhi |
| Preceded by | Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo |
| Succeeded by | Margaret Alva |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 16 September 1945 Kandanur, Madras Presidency,British India |
| Political party | Indian National Congress(Before 1996; 2004–present) Tamil Maanila Congress(1996–2001) Congress Jananayaka Peravai(2001–2004) |
| Other political affiliations |
United Front (1996–2004) United Progressive Alliance(2004–present) |
| Spouse(s) | Nalini Chidambaram |
| Children | Karti |
| Alma mater | University of Madras Harvard University |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Palaniappan Chidambaram (Tamil: பழனியப்பன் சிதம்பரம், born 16 September 1945) is an Indian politician affiliated with the Indian National Congress and a former Union Minister of Finance of the Republic of India. Mr. Chidambaram is a corporate lawyer and an important member of the last Congress-led government. He has been the Finance Minister since May 2004, except for a three and a half year stint - beginning November 2008 - as Home Minister, in the wake of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. Mr. Chidambaram returned as Finance Minister in July 2012, succeeding Pranab Mukherjee, who demitted office to become the President of India.[1][2]
In the budget for 1996–97, Chidambaram brought discipline in government spending and launched an ambitious tax reform program to tackle an unwieldy fiscal deficit. While, in the Budget of 2008, his move to waive off farmer debt has played a role in boosting aggregate demand in the Indian economy, thereby effectively insulating India from the impact of recession.[citation needed] He is a known supporter of the Gandhi dynasty. In particular, he has been supporting Rahul Gandhi, because of whom, people allege, congress suffered a humiliating defeat in the general elections of 2014 in India.[3]
Early life and education[edit]
Chidambaram was born to Kandanur L. Ct. L. Palaniappa Chettiar and Lakshmi Achi in Kanadukathan in the Sivaganga District, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. His maternal grandfather was Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar, a wealthy merchant and banker from Chettinad.[4] Chidambaram did his schooling at the Madras Christian College Higher Secondary Schooland received a pre-university degree from Loyola College, Chennai. After graduating with a BSc degree in statistics from the Presidency College, Chennai, he completed his Bachelor of Laws from the Madras Law College (now Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College) and his MBA from Harvard Business School in the class of 1968. He also holds a Master's degree from Loyola College in Chennai.[5] During this time his politics inclined to the left and in 1969 he joinedN. Ram, later editor of The Hindu, and the women's activist Mythili Sivaraman in starting a journal called the Radical Review.[6]
Chidambaram has two brothers and one sister.[7] His father's business interests covered textiles, trading and plantations in India. He chose to concentrate on his legal practice and stayed away from the family business.[citation needed]
He enrolled as a lawyer in the Madras High Court. He became a senior advocate in 1984. He had offices in Delhi and Chennai and practised in the Supreme Court and in various high courts of India.
Political career[edit]
Chidambaram was elected to the Lok Sabha (Lower House) of the Indian Parliament from the Sivaganga constituency ofTamil Nadu in general elections held in 1984. He was re-elected from the same constituency in the general elections of 2004 and 2009. He was a union leader for MRF and worked his way up in the Congress party.
He was the Tamil Nadu Youth Congress president and then the general secretary of the Tamil Nadu Pradesh Congress Committee unit.
He was inducted into the Union (Indian federal) Council of Ministers in the government headed by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi on 21 September 1985 as a Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Commerce and then in the Ministry of Personnel. His main actions during his tenure in this period was to control the price of tea. He has been criticised by theGovernment of Sri Lanka for destroying the Sri Lankan tea trade by fixing the prices of the commodity in India using state power. He was elevated to the rank of Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions in January 1986. In October of the same year, he was appointed to the Ministry of Home Affairs as Minister of State for Internal Security. He continued to hold both offices until general elections were called in 1989. The Indian National Congress government was defeated in the general elections of 1989.
In June 1991, Chidambaram was inducted as a Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Commerce, a post he held till July 1992. He was later re-appointed Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Commerce in February 1995 and held the post until April 1996. He made some radical changes in India's export-import (EXIM) policy, while at the Ministry of Commerce.[citation needed]
In 1996, Chidambaram quit the Congress party and joined a breakaway faction of the Tamil Nadu state unit of theCongress party called the Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC). In the general elections held in 1996, TMC along with a few national and regional level opposition parties formed a coalition government. The coalition government came as a big break for Chidambaram, who was given the key cabinet portfolio of Finance. His 1997 budget is still remembered as the dream-budget for the Indian Economy. The coalition government was a short-lived one (it fell in 1998), but he was reappointed to the same portfolio in the Government formed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2004.
In 1998, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) took the reins of the Government for the first time and it was not until May 2004 that Chidambaram would be back in Government. Chidambaram became Minister of Finance again in the Congress party-Communist Party United Progressive Alliance government on 24 May 2004. During the intervening period Chidambaram made some experiments in his political career, leaving the TMC in 2001 and forming his own party, the Congress Jananayaka Peravai, largely focused on the regional politics of Tamil Nadu. The party failed to take off into mainstream Tamil Nadu or national politics. Just before the elections of 2004, he merged his party with the mainstream Congress party and when the Congress won the election, he was inducted into the Council of Ministers under the new Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as cabinet Minister of Finance. [8]
On 30 November 2008, he was appointed the Union Home Minister following the resignation of Shivraj Patil who had come under intense pressure to tender his resignation following a series of terror attacks in India, including the Mumbai attacks on 26 November 2008. The public response to this move was generally favourable given Chidambaram's reputation for competence and efficiency. He gained widespread acknowledgement for his reformist moves in the Ministry of Home Affairs. He is single-handedly credited[by whom?] for containing the violence in the north east region of India and oversaw the biggest armed surrender by rebel groups.[citation needed].
He has been credited with taking the bold decision of prioritising elections above corporate demands to deploy security for T20-20 matches of IPL.[9]
In 2009, Chidambaram was re-elected from Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency in the Congress victory and retained the Home ministry.[10]
He was one of the representatives of the Central Government when a tri-party agreement was signed with the Gorkha Hill Council and the Government of West Bengal. The agreement was a result of Mamata Banerjee's effort to end a decade long unrest in the hills of Darjeeling.[11]
Family and personal life[edit]
His grand uncles and grand father were the Co-founders of Indian Overseas Bank, Indian Bank, United India Insurance and Annamalai University.[12][13][14][15][16]
He is married to Nalini Chidambaram, daughter of Justice (Retd.) P.S. Kailasam, Supreme Court, and Mrs. Soundra Kailasam, a renowned Tamil Poet and author, who is a Senior Advocate, practising in the Madras High Court and in the Supreme Court. He has a son, Karti P. Chidambaram, who graduated with a BBA degree from the University of Texas, Austin, and a Masters in Law from University of Cambridge, UK. Karti, a Congress Party's AICC member, is active in Tamil Nadu state politics. Karti is married to Dr. Srinidi Rangarajan, a well-known bharathanatiyam dancer and a medical doctor, working with Apollo Hospitals, Chennai. Karti and Srinidhi have a daughter, Aditi Nalini Chidambaram.
Allegations[edit]
Chidambaram was criticised for his ministry's failure to prevent the 13 July 2011 Mumbai bombings, in spite of massive investments in security following the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Three years after the 2008 attacks, security preparations were proven to be inadequate with channel breakdown and failures in modernising, procuring and installing security equipment.[17] Chidambaram defended the agencies under his ministry against the charge of intelligence failure with the response:
Having no intelligence in this case, however, does not mean that there was a failure on part of the intelligence agencies.[18]
There has been no intelligence failure. There was no intelligence warning about 13/7.[19]
On 7 April 2009, India's home minister P. Chidambaram was assaulted by Jarnail Singh, a Sikh journalist during a press conference in Delhi on the issue of clean chit to Jagdish Tytler. Singh, who works at the Hindi daily newspaper Dainik Jagaran was dissatisfied with Chidamabaram's answer to a question on the Central Bureau of Investigation's (CBI) clean chit to Jagdish Tytler on the 1984 anti-Sikh riots case. It was the first shoe throwing incident in India.[20][21]
Chidambaram was accused of conspiring to split Telugu speaking state,Andhra Pradesh, by exploiting the then Telangana agitation.
奇丹巴拉姆
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這篇文章可能需要文案編輯的語法，風格，凝聚力，音，或拼寫， （2014年1月） |
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| 奇丹巴拉姆 | |
|---|---|
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| 財政部長 | |
| 在辦公室 2012年7月31日- 2014年5月17日 |
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| 總理 | 曼莫漢·辛格 |
| 在之前 | 曼莫漢·辛格 |
| 通過成功 | 阿倫Jaitley |
| 在辦公室 2004年5月22日- 2008年11月30日 |
|
| 總理 | 曼莫漢·辛格 |
| 在之前 | 賈斯萬特·辛格 |
| 通過成功 | 曼莫漢·辛格 |
| 在辦公室 1996年6月1日- 1997年4月21日 |
|
| 總理 | 高清發展股份有限公司-H Gowda |
| 在之前 | 賈斯萬特·辛格 |
| 通過成功 | IK古杰拉爾 |
| 民政事務部長 | |
| 在辦公室 二○○八年十一月三十○日- 2012年7月31日 |
|
| 總理 | 曼莫漢·辛格 |
| 在之前 | Shivraj帕蒂爾 |
| 通過成功 | Sushilkumar欣德 |
| 國務部長，人事部，民怨小旅館 | |
| 在辦公室 1985年12月26日- 1989年12月2日 |
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| 總理 | 拉吉夫·甘地 |
| 在之前 | Kamakhya·普拉薩德·辛格迪奧 |
| 通過成功 | 瑪格麗特·阿爾瓦 |
| 個人資料 | |
| 出生 | 1945年9月16日 Kandanur，馬德拉斯總統，英屬印度 |
| 政黨 | 印度國大黨 （前1996年2004年至今）， 泰米爾納Maanila國會 （1996-2001年） 國會Jananayaka Peravai （2001-2004年） |
| 其他政治 背景 |
聯合陣線 （1996-2004） 聯合進步聯盟 （2004年至今） |
| 配偶（S） | 娜莉妮奇丹巴拉姆 |
| 兒童 | 卡爾提 |
| 母校 | 馬德拉斯大學 哈佛大學 |
| 宗教 | 印度教 |
帕拉尼亞潘奇丹巴拉姆（泰米爾語：பழனியப்பன்சிதம்பரம்，生於1945年9月16日）是印度政治家隸屬於印度國大黨和前財務大臣聯盟的的印度共和國。奇丹巴拉姆先生是一名企業律師，最後國大黨領導的政府的重要成員。他一直財政部長自2004年5月，除3年半的限制- 2008年11月開始-作為內政部長，在2008年孟買恐怖襲擊後。奇丹巴拉姆2012年7月返回為財政部長，接替慕克吉，誰demitted辦公成為印度總統。[ 1 ] [ 2 ]
在預算中為1996年至1997年，奇丹巴拉姆在政府支出帶來了紀律，並推出了一個雄心勃勃的稅制改革方案，以解決一個龐大的財政赤字。同時，在2008年的財政預算案，他的舉動放棄了農民的債務拉動總需求起到了作用，印度經濟，從而有效地從經濟衰退的影響絕緣印度[ 來源請求 ]他是甘地的知名支持者王朝。特別是，他一直支持拉胡爾·甘地，其中，人聲稱是因為，國會遭遇在2014年印度大選中慘敗
早期的生活和教育[ 編輯]
奇丹巴拉姆出生Kandanur屬的Ct。屬Palaniappa Chettiar和拉克希米阿智在Kanadukathan在Sivaganga區，在國家泰米爾納德邦，印度。他的外祖父是拉賈先生Annamalai Chettiar，來自一個富裕的商人和銀行家切蒂納德。[ 4 ]奇丹巴拉姆做了他的教育在馬德拉斯基督教學院高等中學，並從接到預先大學學位洛約拉學院，奈。在從統計學士學位畢業後學院院長，欽奈，他完成了他的法學學士從馬德拉斯法律學院（現安貝德卡政府法律學院博士）和他的工商管理碩士學位，從哈佛商學院在類1968年他還擁有碩士學位洛約拉學院在欽奈。[ 5 ]在此期間，他的政治傾向左邊，在1969年他加入了北 拉姆，後來編輯的印度教徒和婦女活動家Mythili Sivaraman開始在雜誌叫做自由基的審查。[ 6 ]
奇丹巴拉姆有兩個哥哥和一個妹妹。[ 7 ]他父親的商業利益覆蓋紡織，貿易及種植於印度。他選擇了專注於他的法律實踐，並從家族企業避之不及。[ 來源請求 ]
他就讀作為一名律師馬德拉斯高等法院。他成為了一名資深的倡導者於1984年，他曾在辦公室新德里和欽奈和實踐在最高法院和各高級法院印度。
政治生涯[ 編輯]
奇丹巴拉姆當選為人民院中的（下院）印度議會從Sivaganga選區泰米爾納德邦的換屆選舉於1984年舉行，2004年和2009年的大選中，他再次當選，從同一選區，他是一個工會領導人的MRF和國大黨工作他的方式。
他是泰米爾納德邦青年大會主席，然後在泰米爾納德邦拉邦國會委員會單位的總書記。
他入選了聯盟的部長們在政府由總理為首的（印度聯邦）議會拉吉夫·甘地於1985年9月21日作為一個副部長在商務部然後在人事部。他自己在這期間任職期間的主要措施是控制茶葉的價格。他一直批評的斯里蘭卡政府為通過國家權力固定商品的價格在印度摧毀了斯里蘭卡的茶葉貿易。他被提升到國家在人員，民怨和養老金部部長等職於1986年1月，同年10月，他被任命為家庭事務部國務大臣為內部安全。他繼續擔任兩個職位，直到大選被稱為1989年的印度國大黨政府在1989年的大選中被擊敗。
在1991年6月，奇丹巴拉姆入選為國家的部長（獨立充電）在商務部，他擔任，直到1992年7月，他後來在二月份重新委任國（獨立充電）的商務部部長1995年擔任這個職務，直到1996年4月，他取得了在印度的進出口（EXIM）政策的一些根本性的變化，而 在商務部。[ 來源請求 ]
1996年，奇丹巴拉姆離開國大黨，並加入了一個分裂派泰米爾納德邦的狀態機國大黨稱為泰米爾Maanila大會（TMC）。在1996年舉行的大選中，豐田汽車公司以及一些國家和地區層面反對黨組成聯合政府。聯合政府之際，為奇丹巴拉姆，誰被賦予財政鑰匙櫃組合一大突破。他在1997年的預算仍然是記憶中的夢想，預算為印度經濟。聯合政府是一個短命的一（它在1998年下跌），但他再次被任命為相同的投資組合中，政府總理曼莫漢·辛格於2004年成立。
1998年，印度人民黨（BJP）擔任政府的韁繩，第一次，這是直到2004年5月的奇丹巴拉姆會回來的政府。奇丹巴拉姆在國大黨，共產黨成為財政部長再次聯合進步聯盟政府24日2004年5月在等待期間奇丹巴拉姆做了一些實驗，在他的政治生涯中，留下了豐田汽車公司於2001年成立自己的政黨，在國會Jananayaka Peravai，主要集中在泰米爾納德邦的地方政治。黨未能起飛到主流的泰米爾納德邦和國家政治。就在2004年選舉之前，他合併了他的黨與主流國大黨，當國會在大選中獲勝，他在新的總理曼莫漢·辛格為財政部部長內閣入選部長會議。[ 8 ]
2008年11月30日，他被任命為歐盟內政部長下辭職Shivraj帕蒂爾誰曾受到強大的壓力下一系列的恐怖襲擊在印度，包括招標辭職孟買恐怖襲擊事件 11月26日2008年向公眾回應這一舉措普遍給予優惠奇丹巴拉姆的聲譽能力和效率。他獲得了廣泛的認可為他的改革舉措在民政事務部。他一手記[ 靠誰？ ]含在印度東北部地區的暴力和叛亂團體監督的最大武裝投降。[ 來源請求 ]。
他已記入與服用上述企業要求，優先選部署安全彩光T20-20匹配的大膽的決定。[ 9 ]
2009年，奇丹巴拉姆再次當選，從Sivaganga人民院選區國會的勝利，並保留了內政部。[ 10 ]
他是中央人民政府的代表之一，當三方協議與廓爾喀山會和簽約西孟加拉邦政府。該協議的結果慈愛班納吉的努力，以結束長達十年的動亂的山丘大吉嶺。[ 11 ]
家庭和個人生活[ 編輯]
他的大伯父和外公都是聯合創始人印度海外銀行，印度銀行，印度聯合保險和Annamalai大學。[ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ]
他與結婚對娜莉妮奇丹巴拉姆，司法部（退休）的PS Kailasam，最高法院和Soundra Kailasam夫人，著名泰米爾詩人和作家的女兒，誰是資深代言人，修煉在馬德拉斯高等法院和最高法院。他有一個兒子，卡爾提奇丹巴拉姆，誰畢業， 工商管理的學位德州奧斯汀大學和碩士法律來自劍橋大學，英國。卡爾提中，國大黨的AICC的成員，是活躍在泰米爾納德邦州的政治。卡爾提嫁給Srinidi蘭加拉詹博士，一位知名bharathanatiyam舞者和一名醫生，與阿波羅醫院，奈工作。卡爾提和Srinidhi有一個女兒，阿底提娜莉妮奇丹巴拉姆。
指責[ 編輯]
奇丹巴拉姆被批評為他的事工未能阻止2011年7月13日孟買爆炸案，儘管在安全性大規模投資之後的2008年孟買恐怖襲擊。，2008年襲擊三年後，安全準備工作被證明是不充分與渠道細分和現代化，採購和安裝安全設備故障[ 17 ]奇丹巴拉姆悍機構根據他對與響應的智能故障的充電部：
在此情況中沒有智慧，然而，這並不意味著有對情報機構的一部分是失敗的。[ 18 ]
目前還沒有情報失敗。沒有智能警示約13/7。[ 19 ]
2009年4月7日，印度內政部長奇丹巴拉姆被毆打了Jarnail辛格一個錫克教期間的新聞發布會上記者德里乾淨籌到賈格迪什·泰特勒的問題。辛格，誰的作品在印地文日報Dainik Jagaran不滿Chidamabaram的回答對一個問題的調查中央局的（CBI）清潔卡，以賈格迪什·泰特勒在1984年反錫克教暴動情況。這是第一次鞋在印度拋出的事件。[ 20 ] [ 21 ]
奇丹巴拉姆被指控陰謀分裂泰盧固語通話狀態中，安得拉邦，通過利用當時的特蘭伽納風潮。
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