Sheryl Sandberg
Sandberg at Facebook London, April 2013
Born	Sheryl Kara Sandberg August 28, 1969 (age 44) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Alma mater	Harvard College (A.B.) Harvard Business School(M.B.A.)
Occupation	COO of Facebook
Years active	1991–present
Net worth	$1.0 billion (Jan 2014)[1]
Board member of	The Walt Disney Company Women for Women International Center for Global Development V-Day
Religion	Judaism[2]
Spouse(s)	Brian Kraff (Divorced 1994) David Goldberg (m. 2004)
Children	2 (with Goldberg)

Sheryl Kara Sandberg (/ˈsændbərɡ/; born August 28, 1969)^[3] is an American technology executive, activist, and author. As of August 2013, she is the chief operating officer of Facebook. In June 2012, she was elected to the board of directors by the existing board members^[4] becoming the first woman to serve on Facebook's board. Before Facebook, Sandberg was Vice President of Global Online Sales and Operations at Google, and was involved in launching Google's philanthropic arm Google.org. Before Google, Sandberg served as chief of staff for the United States Secretary of the Treasury.

In 2012 she was named in the Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world according to Timemagazine.^[5] As of January 2014, Sandberg is reported to be worth over US$1 billion, due to her stock holdings in Facebook and other companies.

Early life and education[edit]

Sandberg was born in 1969, in Washington, D.C., in an upper middle class Jewish American family,^[2] the daughter of Adele (née Einhorn) and Joel Sandberg, and the oldest of three children.^[3][7] Her father is an ophthalmologist, and her mother holds a PhD and worked as a French teacher before concentrating on raising her children.^[8] Her grandmother grew up in a poor Jewish American family in a crowded apartment in New York City, finished high school in spite of being pulled out during The Great Depression, then went on to community college and graduated from U.C. Berkeley and later saved her family business from financial ruin.^[9][10] Her brother is also a Harvard graduate and became a pediatric neurosurgeon who now practices at Miami Children’s Hospital and her sister Michelle is a fellow Harvard graduate who now is a pediatrician based in Santa Clara, California.^[11] Sandberg's family were active in helping Soviet Jews make aliyah to Israel during refusenik era and attended rallies during the weekends.^[12][13][14]

Her family moved to North Miami Beach, Florida, when she was two years old.^[2] She attended North Miami Beach High School, where she was "always at the top of her class." and graduated ninth in her class with a 4.646 grade point average.^[2] She was a member of the National Honor Society and on the senior class executive board.^[15] Sandberg taught aerobics in the 1980s while in high school.^[16]

In 1987, Sandberg enrolled at Harvard College and graduated in 1991 summa cum laude with a B.A. in economics and was awarded the John H. Williams Prize for the top graduating student in economics.^[17] While at Harvard, Sandberg met then-professor Larry Summers who became her mentor and thesis adviser.^[18]Summers recruited her to be his research assistant at the World Bank,^[2] where she worked for approximately one year on health projects in India dealing with leprosy, AIDS, and blindness.^[19]

In 1993 she enrolled at Harvard Business School and in 1995 she earned her M.B.A. with highest distinction.^[17]

Career[edit]

Early career[edit]

After graduating from business school in the spring of 1995, Sandberg worked as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company for approximately one year (1995-1996). From 1996 to 2001, Sandberg served as Chief of Staff to then United States Secretary of the Treasury Larry Summers under President Bill Clinton, where she helped lead the Treasury's work on forgiving debt in the developing world during the Asian financial crisis.^[19] She joined Google Inc. in 2001, serving as its Vice President of Global Online Sales and Operations from November 2001 to March 2008. She was responsible for online sales of Google's advertising and publishing products as well as for sales operations of Google's consumer products and Google Book Search.^[20]

Facebook[edit]

In late 2007, Mark Zuckerberg, co-founder and chief executive of Facebook, met Sandberg at a Christmas party held by Dan Rosensweig; at the time, she was considering becoming a senior executive for The Washington Post Company.^[2] Zuckerberg had no formal search for a COO, but thought of Sandberg as "a perfect fit" for this role.^[2] They spent more time together in January 2008 at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, and in March 2008, Facebook announced hiring Sheryl Sandberg away from Google.^[21]

After joining the company, Sandberg quickly began trying to figure out how to make Facebook profitable. Before she joined, the company was "primarily interested in building a really cool site; profits, they assumed, would follow."^[2] By late spring, Facebook's leadership had agreed to rely on advertising, "with the ads discreetly presented"; by 2010, Facebook became profitable.^[2] According to Facebook, Sandberg oversees the firm's business operations including sales, marketing, business development, human resources, public policy and communications.^[22]

Sandberg's executive compensation for FY 2011 was $300,000 base salary plus $30,491,613 in FB shares.^[23] According to her Form 3, she also owns 38,122,000stock options and restricted stock units (worth approx. $1.45 billion as of mid-May 2012) that will be completely vested by May 2022, subject to her continued employment through the vesting date.^[24]

In 2012 she became the eighth member (and the first female member) of Facebook's board of directors.^[25]

In October 2012, Business Insider reported that stock units (appx. 34 million) vested in Sandberg's name accounted for nearly US$790,000,000. Facebook withheld roughly 15 million of those stocks for tax reasons, leaving Sandberg with nearly US$417,000,000.^{[citation needed]} The media reported on August 12, 2013 that Sandberg sold 2.4m shares in the company worth US$91 million (£51 million)—5 percent of her total stake in the company.^[26]

In April 2014, it was reported that Sandberg had sold over half of her shares in Facebook since the company went public. At the time of Facebook's IPO she held approximately 41 million shares in the company, and after several rounds of sales she is left with around 17.2 million shares, a 0.5% stake in the company, worth about one billion dollars.^[27]

Personal life[edit]

Sandberg was married at age 24; however, she got divorced a year later. She then went on to marry David Goldberg, the current CEO of SurveyMonkey,^[28] in 2004, with whom she has two children.^[3][29]

Sandberg and her husband have frequently discussed being in a Shared Earning/Shared Parenting Marriage.^[30]

Boards[edit]

In 2009, Sandberg was named to the board of The Walt Disney Company.^[31] She also serves on the boards of Women for Women International, the Center for Global Development and V-Day.^[22] She was previously a board member of Starbucks with a $280,000 annual salary,^[32] Brookings Institution and Ad Council.

Honors[edit]

External video

Sheryl Sandberg: Why we have too few women leaders, TED[33]

Barnard College Commencement Speech, Barnard College[34]

• Sheryl Sandberg has been ranked one of the 50 "Most Powerful Women in Business" by Fortune Magazine:

• In 2007, she was ranked #29 and was the youngest woman on the list.^[35]
• In 2008, she was ranked #34.^[36]
• In 2009, she was ranked #22.^[37]
• In 2010, she was ranked #16.^[38]

• In 2007, she was ranked #19 on 50 "Women to Watch" by The Wall Street Journal.^[39]

• She was ranked #21 on that list in 2008.^[40]

• Sandberg was named one of the "25 Most Influential People on the Web" by Business Week in 2009.^[41]

• She has been listed as one of the world's 100 most powerful women by Forbes.^[42] In 2014, Sandberg was listed as ninth, just behind Michelle Obama.^[43]
• In 2012, Newsweek and The Daily Beast released their first "Digital Power Index," a list of the 100 most significant people in the digital world that year (plus 10 additional "Lifetime Achievement" winners), and she was ranked #3 in the "Evangelists" category.^[44]

• The book was shortlisted for the Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award (2013).^[45]
• In 2013, she was ranked #8 on the "The World's 50 Most Influential Jews" conducted by the Jerusalem Post.^[46]
• Also in 2012, she was named in Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by Time.^[5]

Other work and ventures[edit]

In 2008, Sandberg wrote an article for The Huffington Post in support of her mentor, Larry Summers, who was under fire for his comments about women.^[47] She was a keynote speaker at the Jewish Community Federation's Business Leadership Council in 2010.^[48] In December 2010, she gave a TED speech titled "Why we have too few women leaders."^[49] In May 2011 she gave the Commencement Address at the Barnard College graduation ceremony.^[50] She spoke as the keynote speaker at the Class Day ceremony at the Harvard Business School in May 2012.^[51] In April 2013, she was the keynote speaker for Colgate University's second annual Entrepreneur Weekend.^[52]

In 2013, Sandberg released her first book, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead, co-written with journalist and TV writer Nell Scovell. It is about business leadership and development, issues with the lack of women in government and business leadership positions, and feminism.^{[53][54][55][56][57][58]}

Lean In[edit]

Sheryl Sandberg released her first book, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead, co-authored by Nell Scovell and published by Knopf on March 11, 2013. As of the fall of 2013, The book sold more than one million copies and was on top of the bestseller lists since its launch.^[28]

Lean In is a book for professional women to help them achieve their career goals and for men who want to contribute to a more equitable society. The book looks at the barriers preventing women from taking leadership roles in the workplace, barriers such as discrimination, blatant and subtle sexism and sexual harassment.^[59]She also examines societal barriers such as the fact that women still work the double day and the devaluing of work inside the home as opposed to work outside the home. Along with the latter there are the barriers that women create for themselves through internalizing systematic discrimination and societal gender roles. Sandberg argues that in order for change to happen women need to break down these societal and personal barriers by striving for and achieving leadership roles. The ultimate goal is to encourage women to lean in to positions of leadership because she asserts that by having more female voices in positions of power there will be more equitable opportunities created for everyone.

Censorship advocacy[edit]

In March 2014 Sandberg and Lean In sponsored the Ban Bossy campaign, a television and social media campaign designed to ban the word "bossy" from general use due to its perceived harmful effect on young girls. Several video spots with notable spokespersons including Beyonce, Jennifer Garner, and Condoleeza Riceamong others were produced along with a web site providing school training material, leadership tips, and an online pledge form to which visitors can promise not to use the word. ^[61][62][63]

The movement[edit]

Sandberg's book inspired the Lean In movement, which aims to help women achieve their professional and personal goals by "leaning into their ambitions".^[64] The movement provides support in three key ways: community, education and circles. The community focuses on exchanging information and ideas through stories to encourage other women to lean in. The education section is a collection of free lectures to help individuals develop their skills and learn new ones. Lastly the circle's component focuses on small groups that provide a safe online space for collaboration and support.

Criticism[edit]

One critic claimed that Sandberg is “too elitist” and another that she is “tone-deaf to the problems average women face as they struggle to make ends meet in a rough economy, while taking care of kids, aging parents and housework”.^[65][66]

Sandberg addresses both of these issues in the introduction of her book, stating that she is “acutely aware that the vast majority of women are struggling to make ends meet and take care of their families. Parts of this book will be most relevant to women fortunate enough to have choices about how much and when and where to work”^[67] and that “my intention is to offer advice that would have been useful long before I had heard of Google or Facebook and that will resonate with women in a broad range of circumstances.”^[68]

Bibliography[edit]

• Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead. Knopf. 2013. ISBN 978-0385349949

桑德伯格
維基百科，自由的百科全書
桑德伯格
桑德伯格2013.jpg
桑德伯格在Facebook的倫敦，2013年4月
出生 雪兒卡拉桑德伯格
1969年8月28日（年齡44）
華盛頓特區，美國
母校 哈佛學院 （AB），
哈佛商學院 （工商管理碩士）
職業 首席運營官的Facebook的
幾年活躍 1991年至今
身家 增加1.0美元十億（2014年1月）[ 1 ]
董事會成員
華特迪士尼公司
女性為女性國際
全球發展中心
V日
宗教 猶太教[ 2 ]
配偶（S） 布萊恩Kraff （1994年離婚），
大衛·戈德堡（米。 2004）
兒童 2（有德堡）
雪兒卡拉桑德伯格（/ Š Æ Ñ Ð b ər ɡ /，生於1969年8月28日）[ 3 ]是美國的技術高管，活動家和作家。截至2013年8月，她是首席營運官的Facebook的。在2012年6月，她被現有的董事會成員當選為董事會[ 4 ]成為第一位擔任Facebook的董事會。Facebook前，桑德伯格是副總裁全球在線銷售和運營的谷歌，並參與了谷歌推出的慈善機構Google.org。谷歌之前，桑德伯格曾擔任參謀長為財政部美國國務卿。

在2012年，她在一個名為100的時間，根據100名最有影響力的人在世界上的年度清單時間的雜誌。[ 5 ]在2014年1月，桑德伯格據報導，價值超過美元 1十億，由於她的持股在Facebook和其他公司。

早期的生活和教育[ 編輯]
桑德伯格出生於1969年，在華盛頓特區，在上層中產階級猶太裔美國家庭，[ 2 ]阿黛爾（娘家姓艾因霍恩）和喬爾·桑德伯格，以及最古老的三個孩子中的女兒。[ 3 ] [ 7 ]她的父親是眼科醫生，母親擁有博士學位，專注於提高自己的孩子之前曾是一名法語教師。[ 8 ]她的祖母生長在一個貧窮的猶太裔美國家庭住在擁擠的公寓，在紐約市，儘管讀完高中大蕭條期間，被拉出，隨後又在社區大學和加州大學伯克利分校畢業，後來救了她的家族企業從金融廢墟。[ 9 ] [ 10 ]她的哥哥也是哈佛大學畢業，成為一名兒科神經外科醫生，現在誰在實踐邁阿密兒童醫院和她的姐姐米歇爾是老鄉哈佛畢業生誰現在是總部設在小兒科加利福尼亞州聖克拉拉市。[ 11 ]桑德伯格的家人都在積極幫助蘇聯猶太人讓阿利亞對以色列在refusenik時代，在週末參加集會。[ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ]

她的家人搬到了北邁阿密海灘，佛羅里達州，當時她才兩歲。[ 2 ]她出席了北邁阿密海灘高中，在那裡，她是“永遠在她的班上名列前茅。” 而在她的班級有4.646的平均成績畢業於第九。[ 2 ]她是成員國家榮譽協會和高級班執行委員會。[ 15 ]桑德伯格教健美操在 ​​上世紀80年代在高中時。[ 16 ]

1987年，桑德伯格就讀於哈佛學院畢業，1991年以優異成績與學士學位的經濟學，並獲得了約翰·威廉姆斯獎頂應屆畢業生在經濟學。[ 17 ]雖然在哈佛，桑德伯格遇到了當時的教授拉里·薩默斯誰成為她的導師和論文導師。[ 18 ]薩默斯聘請她做他的研究助理世界銀行，[ 2 ]她在那裡工作了大約一年在印度的衛生項目涉及麻風病，艾滋病，和失明。[ 19 ]

1993年，她就讀於哈佛商學院，並在1995年，她贏得了她的MBA與最高榮譽。[ 17 ]

職業生涯[ 編輯]
早期的職業生涯[ 編輯]
從商學院1995年春季畢業後，桑德伯格擔任管理顧問的麥肯錫公司大約一年（1995-1996年）。從1996年到2001年，桑德伯格出任總參謀長，以話務的美國國務卿拉里·薩默斯在總統比爾·克林頓，她幫助的過程中導致財政部關於寬容的債務在發展中國家工作的亞洲金融危機。[ 19 ]她加入谷歌公司在2001年，擔任其副總裁全球在線銷售和運營，從2001年11月至2008年3月她負責網上銷售谷歌的廣告和出版產品，以及對谷歌的消費產品和谷歌圖書銷售業務搜尋。[ 20 ]

Facebook的[ 編輯]
在2007年底，馬克·扎克伯格，聯合創始人的Facebook兼首席執行官，會見了桑德伯格在由舉辦的聖誕派對丹·羅森維格 ; 當時，她正在考慮成為一個高級主管的華盛頓郵報公司。[ 2 ]扎克伯格沒有正式尋求首席運營官，但認為桑德伯格為“完美契合”這個角色。[ 2 ]他們花了更多的時間同時在2008年1月在世界經濟論壇在達沃斯，瑞士和2008年3月，Facebook宣布從谷歌聘請桑德伯格離開。[ 21 ]

加入公司後，桑德伯格很快就開始試圖找出如何使Facebook的盈利。之前她加入，公司獲得“主要是在建立一個非常酷的網站感興趣，利潤，他們認為，會跟隨。” [ 2 ]到春末，Facebook的領導已經同意依靠廣告，“與慎重提出的建議”; 到2010年，Facebook的開始盈利。[ 2 ]根據臉譜，桑德伯格負責公司的業務運營，包括銷售，營銷，業務發展，人力資源，公共政策和通信。[ 22 ]

桑德伯格的2011年度高管薪酬是300000美元底薪加30491613美元在FB的股份。[ 23 ]根據她的表3，她還擁有38122000 的股票期權和限制性股票單位（價值約十億$ 1.45為2012年五月中旬），將由2022年5月，受她通過在可行權日繼續任職完全歸屬。[ 24 ]

在2012年，她成為董事Facebook的董事會第八次成員（和第一位女性成員）。[ 25 ]

在2012年10月，商業內幕報，歸屬於桑德伯格的名字股票單位（APPX 34萬元）佔近美國7.9億美元。Facebook的扣繳大致這些股票的1500萬稅收的原因，讓桑德伯格近美國的4.17億美元。[ 來源請求 ]媒體報導，2013年8月12日在桑德伯格出售了該公司240萬股價值9100萬美元（51000000英鎊） - 5％，她的總股權的公司。[ 26 ]

在2014年4月，據報導，桑德伯格一半以上的份額她在Facebook網站已經出售，因為該公司上市。在Facebook的IPO的時候，她在公司持有約41億股，而經過幾輪的銷售後，她留給各地1720萬股份，該公司0.5％的股份，價值約十億美元。[ 27 ]

個人生活[ 編輯]
桑德伯格嫁給24歲; 不過，她離婚了一年後。然後，她嫁給了大衛·戈德堡的現任CEO SurveyMonkey，[ 28 ]在2004年，與她有兩個孩子。[ 3 ] [ 29 ]

桑德伯格和她的丈夫經常討論的是共享勞動報酬/共享育兒婚姻。[ 30 ]

議會[ 編輯]
2009年，桑德伯格被任命為董事會的沃爾特·迪斯尼公司。[ 31 ]她還擔任的董事會婦女互助國際，在全球發展中心和V日。[ 22 ]她是以前的董事會成員星巴克與280000美元年薪，[ 32 ] 美國布魯金斯學會和廣告委員會。

榮譽[ 編輯]
外部視頻
雪兒Sandberg.jpg
桑德伯格：為什麼我們有過一些女性領導人，TED [ 33 ]
巴納德學院畢業典禮上的演講，巴納德學院[ 34 ]
桑德伯格一直位居50強“最具影響力商業女性”由一個財富雜誌：
2007年，她被評為排名第29，是最年輕的女富豪。[ 35 ]
2008年，她被排在第34。[ 36 ]
2009年，她被排在第22。[ 37 ]
2010年，她被排在第16。[ 38 ]
2007年，她被排在第19對50“婦女看點”由華爾街日報。[ 39 ]
她是排名21的名單在2008年。[ 40 ]
桑德伯格被命名的“在Web上25位最具影響力人物”之一，商業周刊，2009年。[ 41 ]
她已被列為世界上100個最有影響力的女性一個福布斯。[ 42 ]在2014年，桑德伯格被列為第九，僅次於米歇爾·奧巴馬。[ 43 ]
2012年，新聞周刊和每日野獸發布了他們的第一個“數字電力指數，”100個最顯著人們在數字世界的那年（加10額外的“終身成就獎”獲得者），她是在排在3號的清單“福音”的範疇。[ 44 ]
這本書入圍年度最佳金融時報和高盛商業圖書（2013）。[ 45 ]
在2013年，她被排在第8的“全球50位最具影響力的猶太人”所蒐集耶路撒冷郵報。[ 46 ]
同樣在2012年，她被評為時間100，100個最有影響力的人在世界上裝配的年度清單時間。[ 5 ]
其他工作和企業[ 編輯]
2008年，桑德伯格寫了一篇文章，赫芬頓郵報，支持她的導師，拉里·薩默斯，誰是下火，他對女性的意見的。[ 47 ]她是一位主講嘉賓在猶太社區聯合會的商業領袖理事會於2010年。[ 48 ]在2010年12月，她給了一個TED的演講題為“為什麼我們有過幾個女人的領導人。” [ 49 ]在2011年5月，她給了在畢業演講巴納德學院畢業典禮。[ 50 ]她談到作為主講人在哈佛商學院2012年5月的班開學典禮。[ 51 ]在2013年4月，她在發表主題演講的科爾蓋特大學的第二個年度企業家週末。[ 52 ]

在2013年，桑德伯格發行了她的第一本書，精益在：女性，工作和意志鉛，寫與記者和電視編劇內爾Scovell。它是關於企業領導力發展，在缺乏婦女在政府和企業的領導職務，以及女權主義的問題。[ 53 ] [ 54 ] [ 55 ] [ 56 ] [ 57 ] [ 58 ]

精益在[ 編輯]
桑德伯格發行了她的第一本書，精益在：女性，工作和意志鉛，共同撰寫的內爾Scovell並公佈Knopf出版社 3月11日，2013年在2013年的秋天，這本書銷量超過百萬副本，是在自推出以來的暢銷書排行榜上。[ 28 ]

精益是一本為職業婦女，幫助他們實現自己的職業目標和誰想要有助於建立一個更加公平的社會人。本書著眼於阻止婦女服用的領導角色在職場的障礙，如歧視，公然和微妙的性別歧視和性騷擾的障礙。[ 59 ]她還考察了社會障礙，如一個事實，即女性仍然工作在雙日和貶值的工作在家裡而不是外出打工。隨著後者有一些女性通過內在系統的歧視和社會為自己創造的障礙的性別角色。桑德伯格認為，為了讓改變發生的女性需要通過努力爭取和實現領導角色來打破這些社會和個人的障礙。最終的目標是鼓勵婦女倚在領導崗位，因為她聲稱，通過讓更多的女性聲音在權力地位都會有給大家創造更公平的機會。

“ 一個真正平等的世界會是1，婦女跑了一半以上的國家和公司的人跑了一半的家園。[ 60 ] “
檢查宣傳[ 編輯]
主要文章：潘基文博西
在2014年3月桑德伯格和精益在贊助禁令獨裁運動，電視和社交媒體活動，旨在禁止詞“霸道”，從一般用途，由於年輕女孩的感知不良影響。多個視頻點具有顯著的代言人，包括碧昂絲，詹妮弗·加納和賴斯等等都與網站提供的訓練材料，領導技巧和網上承諾的形式，遊客可以保證不使用這個詞產生沿。[ 61 ] [ 62 ] [ 63 ]

運動[ 編輯]
桑德伯格的書啟發了精益在運動，其目的是幫助女性實現自己的職業及個人目標以“倚到他們的野心。” [ 64 ]的運動提供支持，在三個關鍵方面：社會，教育和圓。社區的重點是通過案例交流信息和想法，鼓勵其他女性瘦英寸的專頁是免費講座集，以幫助個人發展他們的技能和學習新的。最後一圈的部分側重於提供合作和支持安全的網上空間小團體。

批評[ 編輯]
一位評論家稱，桑德伯格是“太精英”，另一個說她是“音盲平均女性面對，因為他們努力維持生計的一個粗略的經濟滿足，同時利用照顧孩子，年邁的父母和家務勞動的問題。” [ 65 ] [ 66 ]

桑德伯格解決了這兩個問題，在引進她的書，說她是“敏銳地意識到，女性絕大多數都在努力入不敷出，並把他們的家人。這本書的部分將是最相關的女性有幸擁有多少以及何時何地工作，選擇“ [ 67 ]，而“我的意圖是提供意見，將是有益的很久以前我聽說過谷歌或Facebook和將共鳴的女性在廣泛的情況下。“ [ 68 ]

參考文獻[ 編輯]
精益在：女性，工作和意志鉛。Knopf出版社。2013。ISBN 978-0385349949