愛薇塔樂學英文

如何在聽不懂的情況下照樣選對答案（中英文對照）——學一點“害人”的、只對考試有用的技巧——三大實用技巧

如何在聽不懂的情況下

照樣選對答案

（中英文對照）

——學一點“害人”的、只對考試有用的技巧

——三大實用技巧，抓住聽力考試題的致命弱點，在緊張的聽力考場上運籌帷幄、穩操勝券！

這裡所談的技巧以託福考試為樣本，它是英語考試的典範，國內的高考、四級、六級等考試都在逐漸向它*攏。

以下比較難的部分採取中英文對照形式，其餘的只給出英文，所有資料都適合進行三最口腔肌肉訓練。編寫忱個部分的一個瘋狂目的是要求大家能夠用英文來告訴別人如何對付聽力考試！這是李陽·克立茲的一貫信念：一步登天！

首先讓我們來熟悉標準聽力考試的結構：

[1] The Listening comprehension section of the TOEFL contains fifty questions. There are three sections to this part of the test.

[2] Part A: in this section you hear a short statement and you are asked to select the answer closest in meaning to what you heard. There are twenty questions in Part A.

[3] Part B: In this section you hear a short dialogue between two speakers. A third speaker will then ask you a question about what was said. There are fifteen questions in Part B.

[4] Part C: In this section you hear three longer talks. Either a conversation between two people or a lecture given by one person. Each talk is followed by four to six questions, for which you are asked to select the best answer. There are fifteen questions in art C.

[5] Total time for the section is about thirty minutes. There are fifty questions total on this section.

[李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌內訓練記錄為：35秒]

在進行聽力考試的時候，你要面對巨大的時間壓力！因為：

You can't take any extra time for hard questions! (對於難的問題，你沒有多餘的時間！)

無論聽懂還是聽不懂，難還是簡單，你都只有同樣的時間！只有一次機會！很多人由於心理素質差和缺乏技巧而在聽力考試中一敗塗地！所以聽力考試就象一場競爭激烈的體育運動！有人把它比作打網球：

[1] Even if you've never played tennis, you've probably at some point in your life seen it played. Your goal for this section is to learn to play the game of Listening comprehension. Understanding what is on the tape is only one small part o the game. First of all, you need to learn to pace[為…定步調；掌握速度] yourself. Think for a moment about what makes a good tennis player

[2] Bad tennis players spend a lot of time watching the ball and running to try to catch up to it.

[3] Good tennis players spend a lot of time watching their opponents to anticipate [預料] where the ball will go so that they can be there first and be ready to hit it back.

[4] Most people take the Listening Comprehension section the way bad tennis players play tennis——always running a little bit behind. To do well on this section, you need to stay one step ahead of your opponent——you need to stay ahead of the questions.

[李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌內訓練記錄為：35秒]

翻譯的最高境界：中國人說中國話

（即使你從來沒有打過網球，但你要能看過別人打。你現在要做的就是學會玩聽力考試的遊戲。聽懂只是這個遊戲的一小部分。首先，你需要學習如何控制自己的步調。現在讓我們來看看一個好的網球運動員是如何做的。

普通的網球運動者把大部分時間用在盯著別人的球，然後再倉促地跑過去接球，完全處於被動地位；而網球高手則是盯著對手，並預料球的方向以便先發制人。

大多數參加聽力考試的人表現得就象那個普通的網球運動者，總是慢一步。所以要想做好聽力考試，你必須比對手先行一步，你必須走在問題的前面。

下面我們來談一談技巧。李陽·克立茲聽力訓練的硬功夫要求是：像母語那樣去聽懂！這裡所談的技巧主要是幫助那些聽力很差的人對付考試、蒙混過關，當然對具有英語真功夫的朋友，這些技巧也會幫助他們更加穩操勝券！

技巧一： Reading ahead提前閱讀

You have about twelve seconds to answer each of the questions in Parts A and B, no matter how hard or easy each question may seem. The best use of these twelve seconds is to use them to get a sense of [進行大致瞭解] the upcoming [即將到來的] question. To do this:

Read the answer choices before you hear each question.

(在聽每個問題之前，先抓緊時間閱讀四個選擇答案。)

When you take the test, you will hear the voice on the tape reading the directions for Part A. You will not be able to see the question for Part A until the directions have been read. However, you should turn the page the instant [一…就] you hear the end of the directions, which sounds something like this:

Sentence (B)"Could you help me carry these books" is closest in meaning to the sentence you heard. Therefore you should choose answer (B).

As you are turning the page you will hear

Go on to the next page. Now let us begin Part A with question number one. 

But by then you should already be reading the answer choices to question 1 in order to get ready to listen. Then, as soon as you hear

Question number one…

Followed by whatever that question may be, choose your answer and mark it as quickly as possible. Now you can use the rest of the twelve seconds to read the answer choices for qwuestion2, and so on

(聽到第一個問題後，就迅速選擇答案，然後以最快的速度標記答案。這時你就可以用剩餘的/節省出來的十二秒鐘去閱讀下一個問題的選擇答案。)

The key to this method is discipline [紀律]. You'll find you tend to want to linger [逗留；耽擱] on each of the questions until you hear the beginning of the next one. DON'T DO IT! That's how you can end up [以…結束] missing two or three questions in a row; if you don't know the answer, GUESS an move on!

（這個方法的關鍵是紀律。你可能會猶豫不定，在每個問題上耽擱久，直至你聽到下一個問題開始。千萬不要這麼做！否則你可能會連續錯過兩、三個問題，如果你不知道答案，只管猜，然後就繼續前進。）

[李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為：60秒]

提前閱讀技巧四步驟總結 

[請用英文講給別人聽] 

² When you hear the end of the instructions begin reading the answer choices for question 1. 

² As soon as you hear the question, guess. 

² Use the rest of the twelve seconds to read the answer choices for the next question. 

² Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the end of Part A. 

技巧二： Guess the Topic猜測話題 

Staying ahead of the questions helps you overcome the problems caused by the time pressure on this section. Any time you don't see the correct answer, just guess and keep moving. Now that you're keeping up with the ball in this game, that is , staying ahead of the questions, you can begin to practice the second skill you need to win — anticipating [預料] what you opponent will do. It's time to tackle [處理；應付] the second major difficulty of this section. 

（走在問題的前面幫助你克服了由於時間緊張而引起的問題。如果你一下找不到正確的答案，就只管進行猜測，然後繼續做下面的題目。既然你已經能夠跟得上這場聽力遊戲中“球”的速度，那麼你就可以開始操練第二個技巧——預料你對手的舉動。現在是你對付第二個主要難題的時候了。） 

[李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為：15秒] 

1．No context沒有上下文/沒有前後關聯 

In face-to-face conversation there are a lot of things that you rely on to help you understand what the other person is saying — facial expressions, hand gestures, and what you know about the person or the topic all give additional meaning to the words used. Furthermore if this person uses some words or expressions that you 're not familiar with, you can use the context of the rest of the conversation to help you figure out what they mean. 

(在面對面的談話中，你可以依*很多東西來幫助你理解對方的話——面部表情、手勢和你所瞭解的對方的情況和話題，這些都給你額外的含義。另外，如果對方用了你不熟悉的單詞和表達法，你可以借助其餘對話的線索來理解它們的含義。) 

All of these cues [線索；提示] are gone on Parts A and B of the Listening comprehension section. Aside from time, the largest hurdle to get over in order to do well on this section is that lack of context. For the questions on Parts A and B the information presented is isolated [孤立的]. The question you're waiting to hear on the tape could be about anything. You can't see the person speaking, so it's much harder to figure out their emotional state or opinion. 

(在聽力第一和第二部分，這些線索通通消失。除了時間的因素，這個部分的最大障礙就是缺乏上下文，所有的資訊都是孤立的。你準備聽到的可能是任何東西。你看不到那個人在說話，所以理解他們的感情狀態和想法非常困難。) 

[李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為：30秒] 

2．Guess the topic猜測話題 

You're reading ahead, you've heard the end of the instructions for Part A, and you begin to read the answer choices for question 1. Let's say the choices are: 

1. (A) I never heard the lecture. 

(B) That kind of lecture never fascinates me. 

(C) That lecture was the most fascinating I've heard. 

(D) I would have preferred a different lecture. 

What are most of the answer choices about? A lecture. So the stem will have to be about the same thing. Now you have a context. You know it will have something to do with a lecture. Your task is to find out more information about it. 

[李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為：23秒] 

技巧三： Three Ways to Find the Right Answer 

三個找到正確答案的方法 

Reading ahead helps you keep up. Guessing the topic supplies you with a context and helps you listen actively. These three techniques help you narrow down [縮小；限制範圍] your choices whether or not you have actually understood what is spoken on the tape . 

[李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為：8秒] 

1． OPPOSITES相反的選擇 

One of ETS's [美國教育考試機構] favorite kind of wrong answers is one that traps people who almost understood the stem. It looks pretty similar to the correct answer, but means the opposite. 

For example: 

(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works. 

(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday. 

(C) Some days Mary's work is awful. 

(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday. 

In the example above, (A) and (B) are what we call opposites, that is, both statements could not be true. Of a typical Listening comprehension section, one third to one half of the questions contain opposites. This is good news for you because: 

If there is one pair of opposites in the answer choices, one of them is the right answer! 

(如果在四個選擇答案中有兩個對立/相反的句子，那麼其中一個就是正確答案。) 

Even if you never hear the question, you now have a 50 percent chance of answering this question correctly. Furthermore a pair of opposites in the answer choices tells you exactly what the stem will be about. You only have to listen to hear confirmation [確認；證實] of one or the other of the two opposites. 

Find the opposites in the example below: 

1. (A) Stone does not enjoy clothes shopping. 

(B) Stone ate while he tried on the clothes. 

(C) Buying clothing is a pleasure for Stone. 

(D) Not one piece of clothing was available in his size. 

In this example, the opposites are (A), which say that stone doesn't like to buy clothes, and (C), which says that he does. Now when you hear the stem, you only need to find out which one is true. The stem is: 

If there's one thing Stone hates, It's buying clothes. 

So the correct answer is (A). 

Now try this one. First, reading the answer choices and find the opposites. 

2. (A) I think your desk is far too tiny. 

(B) Your desk is too messy. 

(C) I think you need a new desk. 

(D) I cleaned up your desk. 

The opposites are (B) and (D). If you didn't recognize them, you need to be a little more broad in your understanding of the term. (B) implies that the desk is messy, and (D) implies that the desk is clean. That's enough for them to be considered opposites. So now all you need to do is decide if the desk is clean or messy. When you hear the stem. 

My, your desk could sure use some tidying up! 

You know the answer is (B). 

2．COMMON SENSE常識 

The people who write the TOEFL have very conservative tastes. None of their statements or dialogues will contain anything controversial, violent, passionate, or silly. 

(編寫託福考試的人比較保守，他們的句子和對話都不會包含有爭議的、激烈的、熱烈的和愚蠢的東西。) 

Remember, you can use common sense to eliminate three types of wrong answers： 

Type 1: Answer choices that are too extreme [極端]. 

(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works. 

(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday. 

(C) Some days Mary's work is awful. 

(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday. 

Answer (C) is too extreme to be a good bet. ETS would probably say someone's work was "unsatisfactory" or even "bad", but not "awful." Just remember, ETS can't afford to offend anyone: any answers that might be controversial are automatically wrong. 

Type 2: Answer choices that have wrong subject, for example: 

(A) He is a good football player. 

(B) He doesn't understand football at all. 

(C) He lives right across that field. 

(D) Playing football indoors is forbidden. 

Since most of the answer choices are about football, you know that "football" is the topic of the stem, therefore you can eliminate answer (C). Now here's the stem 

He sure seems right at home on the football field. 

The closest in meaning is answer (A). By the way, did you notice that (A) and (B) were opposites? 

Type 3: Answer choices that are just plain silly [明顯的愚蠢], for example: 

(A) Rob is too tall to be an actor. 

(B) Rob's performance was excellent. 

(C) He didn't see Rob on stage. 

(D) Rob was suspended above the stage. 

Answer (A) is just silly. How can someone be too tall to be an actor? Answer choice (D) is weird [奇怪的] too. Now here's the stem. 

W: How was Rob in the new play last night? 

M: Great! He was head and shoulders above the rest of the cast. 

Q: what does that man mean? 

The expression "head and shoulders above" means "far better than", so the closest is meaning is answer (B). Notice that both silly answers, (A) and (D), are based on literal interpretations[字面理解] of the expression "head and shoulders above". If you hear something in the stem that doesn't make literal sense, it's an idiom. Idioms are a signal to be on the lookout for [提防；尋找] answer choices that take that idiom literally and turn it into something silly. 

3．OPPOSITES相反的選擇 

Another of ETS's favorite trap answers is what we call a sound-alike. Sound-alikes take some of the words and sounds from the statement or dialogue and rearrange them so that they have a totally different meaning. Remember this example? 

(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works. 

(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday. 

(C) Some days Mary's work is awful. 

(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday. 

The statement was 

Sunday is usually Mary's day off. 

We already found the opposites in these answers, (A) and (B), and one extreme answer, (C). So now look at how ETS might trap you with sounds. Notice how many things in the answer choices echo [迴響] the word "off' in the statement— "often", "awful" and "cough". And in answer (C)，The one answer choice without Sunday, has been replaced with "some days". The right answer, (B), is one of the pair of opposites, is not silly or extreme, and contains the fewest sound-alikes. 

After you've found the opposites and silly answers, choose the answer choice that sounds "least " like what you heard on the tape. 

You'll notice that many sound-alikes can also be eliminated using common sense. 

Summary of Strategy 

技巧總結 

Step 1: Read the answer choices before you hear the question. 

Step 2: While reading, look for 

² The topic for Part A. 

² The topic or the question for Part B. 

² Opposite pairs in the answer choices 

² Anything that violates common sense. 

Step 3: Listen to confirm what you found in step 2. 

Step 4: Choose your answer. If you are still undecided, choose the answer choice containing the fewest sounds from the statement or dialogue. 

[李陽·克立茲三最口腔肌肉訓練記錄為：15秒]